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too small ORA-06512: at "APPOWNER.PURGE_DATA_PKG", line 2040 ORA-06512: at "APPOWNER.PURGE_DATA_PKG", line 4318 ORA-06512: at line 2 SQL> Even when you use Automatic Undo Management, as the previous example shows, you can get this error, since the UNDO_RETENTION parameter is set too low. This happens even when there is plenty of free space in the undo tablespace. Your best bet is to raise the value of the UNDO_RETENTION parameter so the necessary undo data isn t overwritten before your long transaction finishes. The only certain way to avoid the snapshot-too-old error is to enable guaranteed undo retention in your database.

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You can use the SHOW PARAMETER UNDO command in SQL*Plus to see what the configured options are for undo space management, as shown here: SQL> SHOW PARAMETER UNDO NAME TYPE VALUE ---------------------------- ------------undo_management string AUTO undo_retention integer 900 undo_tablespace string UNDOTBS_01 SQL>

If you used older versions of Oracle, you are most likely familiar with the SET TRANSACTION USER ROLLBACK SEGMENT . . . statement, which enabled you to assign large rollback segments to a transaction to

if [ "$first_char" = "*" ] then echo "$user $padding $days_since_change Already locked"\ >> $OUTFILE else

avoid the snapshot-too-old error. You can use this statement only under manual undo management. If you re using the Oracle-recommended automatic undo management, the database will ignore this statement if you use it however, no errors are generated.

If you use the Database Resource Manager to create consumer groups in your database, which are a convenient way to group your users based on their usage of database resources (see 11), you can easily prevent a single transaction from taking up most of the undo space, thus hindering new transactions from acquiring undo space. You can set a special parameter called UNDO_POOL to limit the maximum undo space a resource consumer group can use. Once this UNDO_POOL limit is reached, any transactions that need more undo room will error out. Only after some of the currently running transactions in the resource consumer group finish can more undo space be granted to that group. The following data dictionary views are useful in managing undo space information: V$UNDOSTAT: This is the view Oracle uses to tune undo space allocation in the database. This view can indicate whether your current allocation of space in the undo tablespace is enough. It also indicates whether you have set the UNDO_RETENTION parameter correctly. The TUNED_UNDORETENTION column in the V$UNDOSTAT view tells you the length of time undo is retained in your undo tablespace. DBA_ROLLBACK_SEGS: You can use this view to find out the undo segment name, initial, next, and maximum extents, and other related information. DBA_TABLESPACES: This view will show whether the guaranteed undo retention feature is

As the following sample shows, checking the different compilation models using these macros is possible however, not in an elegant way: #ifndef _MANAGED #pragma message("Native compilation model chosen") #endif #if (defined(_M_CEE) && !defined(_M_CEE_PURE) && !defined(_M_CEE_SAFE)) #pragma message("compiling with /clr") #endif #if (defined(_M_CEE) && defined(_M_CEE_PURE) && !defined(_M_CEE_SAFE)) #pragma message("compiling with /clr:pure") #endif #ifdef _M_CEE_SAFE #pragma message("compiling with /clr:safe") #endif

V$TRANSACTION: You can get transaction information from this view. V$ROLLSTAT: You can join V$ROLLSTAT and V$ROLLNAME to get a lot of information on the behavior of the undo segments. DBA_UNDO_EXTENTS: This view provides detailed information on the undo extents within the undo tablespace.